The following is a response to the Socialist Worker article titled "Who made China's revolution?" dated October 12, 2009.A lot of the things said in this article are accurate and quite correct. Unfortunately, there are some things that aren't correct. I disagree with some of the things the article says about Stalin, but not all of them. However, I don't intend to discuss Josef Stalin in this response. I will instead be correcting the erroneous views on Maoism that the Socialist Worker has propagated in the article.
Although I may have misunderstood the article in this regard, it seems to me that the article is trying to blame Maoism for China's turn to capitalism. Maoism did not turn China capitalist, it tried to do the opposite, but after Mao died Deng Xiaoping and his henchmen came to power and opened their arms to foreign capitalists and began to dismantle the "Iron Rice Bowl" (The IRB guaranteed the Chinese people jobs and benefits). The actions of Deng and the "capitalist roaders" were not Maoist at all, those actions were pure revisionism and treachery. Trotskyists will be quick to assume that the hijacking of China means Maoism doesn't work, but I must remind them of the fact that
they believe Stalin hijacked the Soviet Union. So it seems we're even.
Due to the betrayal of the Chinese peasantry and workers, the international communist movement is now working on theories to prevent such a thing from happening again. Some advocate more criticism from below, others advocate a system with multiple proletarian and peasant parties.
The article also condemns the CPC-KMT (GMD) alliance. Although this alliance had its down side, the SW author seems to forget the fact that the KMT was quite left-wing at one point, but the rightists eventually carried out a coup of the KMT which caused many communists within the group to leave. The alliance was not such a bad idea, especially since many Chinese people demanded it, it just did not work out in the end due to the coup. The SW article also blames Stalin for encouraging the alliance and supporting the KMT. Indeed Stalin made this mistake, but he eventually made a self-criticism and admitted he was wrong.
Here is an excerpt from the SW article that I feel needs to be addressed more directly:
"This pattern highlights some of the defining features of Maoism:
its orientation to the peasant class, its nationalism and its dependence on military power to gain political power. While the peasantry has a long revolutionary history,
there is nothing inherently socialistic about it, as peasants' main concern is farming their own land. And while it is true that political power can grow out of the barrel of a gun, to paraphrase Mao, guns alone cannot bring about socialism."
While I agree that guns alone cannot bring about much of anything, the statements made in this paragraph show that the SW author knows absolutely nothing about Maoism. As a Maoist myself, I will give you a little MLM 101 lesson by breaking down this incorrect paragraph.
"This pattern highlights some of the defining features of Maoism:
its orientation to the peasant class, its nationalism and its dependence on military power to gain political power."
First of all, Maoism advocates a strong worker-peasant alliance. Second of all, Maoism is not entirely dependent on the People's Army to gain power. In Nepal, for example, the UCPN (Maoist) has been working within the electoral system.
“The communist party and the revolutionary forces of every country must ready both hands,
one for winning victory peacefully, one for taking power with violence. Neither may be dispensed with.” - Mao Zedong
The author also seems to be condemning anti-imperialist nationalism. I certainly hope this person doesn't consider his individual school of thought to be coming from Marxism-Leninism. Both Marx and Lenin supported anti-imperialist nationalism.
When it came to British imperialism in Ireland, Marx sided with the oppressed nation, Ireland.
“Hence it is the task of the International everywhere to put the conflict between England and Ireland in the foreground, and everywhere to side openly with Ireland.” -Karl Marx
Marx also supported the national movement of the Poles and the Hungarians in his day.
“…emphasis must necessarily be laid on their advocating freedom for the oppressed countries to secede and their fighting for it. Without this there can be no internationalism.” -V. I. Lenin, "The Discussion on Self-Determination Summed Up"
Here is another point from the article that must be addressed:
"While the peasantry has a long revolutionary history,
there is nothing inherently socialistic about it..."According to F. Engels, this statement is incorrect. Helping the peasants is one of the duties of communists everywhere.
"We . . . are decidedly on the side of the small peasant; we shall do everything at all permissible to make his lot more bearable, to facilitate his transition to the co-operative should he decide to do so, and even to make it possible for him to remain on his small holding for a protracted length of time to think the matter over, should he still be unable to bring himself to this decision. We do this not only because we consider the small peasant who does his own work as virtually belonging to us, but also in the direct interest of the Party. The greater the number of peasants whom we can save from being actually hurled down into the proletariat, whom we can win to our side while they are still peasants, the more quickly and easily the social transformation will be accomplished. It will serve us naught to wait with this transformation until capitalist production has developed everywhere to its utmost consequences, until the last small handicraftsman and the last small peasant have fallen victim to capitalist large-scale production. The material sacrifice to be made for this purpose in the interest of the peasants and to be defrayed out of public funds can, from the point of view of capitalist economy, be viewed only as money thrown away, but it is nevertheless an excellent investment because it will effect a perhaps tenfold saving in the cost of the social reorganization in general. In this sense we can, therefore, afford to deal very liberally with the peasants." - Engels The SW author also seems to makes the mistake of boiling Maoist theory down into nothing more than "people's consciousness change things, not economic conditions." (He didn't say that verbatim, but it was implied though.) This is a blatant misunderstanding of Maoism. Does he honestly think the CPC intended to industrialize China with their minds alone? Mao's book "On New Democracy" has large sections dedicated to economics and politics, not just philosophy. I also recommend the SW author go to the Marx2Mao.com and read "A Critique of Soviet Economics" by Mao Zedong. He should also read "Maoist Economics and the Revolutionary Road to Communism: The Shanghai Textbook" before he talks about Maoist theories on change, economic conditions, and politics. There is nothing revisionist in those books!
One last thing. The SW author states that he thinks the Chinese Revolution basically neglected the workers, or that workers didn't play a big enough role in it. To him, I share this quote from Mao.
"The first step or stage in our revolution is definitely not, and cannot be, the establishment of a capitalist society under the dictatorship of the Chinese bourgeoisie, but will result in the establishment of a new-democratic society under the joint dictatorship of all the revolutionary classes of China
headed by the Chinese proletariat." Mao Zedong, "On New Democracy"
I will also point out this quote from the SW article, which seems to contradict the SW author's point which I am addressing.
"[The Chinese Communist Party] became an organization concentrated on the coastal cities,
and overwhelmingly working class. It achieved this size by leading strikes in Shanghai and Hong Kong against foreign companies after British and French troops had shot and killed demonstrators. In those few years
the CPC helped to organize 20 percent of the 15 million workers in China into trade unions."
The Socialist Worker, whether it realizes it or not, is helping the imperialist bourgeoisie by claiming that socialist revolution is an exclusive club in which only industrialized nations can take part. This claim meets the imperialists halfway by indirectly discouraging attempts at socialism in oppressed countries, and also opening the door for more capitalist-oriented nationalist revolutions that will, by their bourgeois nature, end up doing business with the imperialists in many exploitative ways after taking power.
Sources:
"China Since 1945" by Stewart Ross
“Ireland and the Irish Question” by Marx and Engels
"On New Democracy" by Mao Zedong
"Red Star Over China" by Edgar Snow
"The Foundations of Leninism" by J.V. Stalin
http://www.isreview.org/issues/13/marxism_nationalism_part1.shtml